| NATIONAL
PARKS IN PERU |
The National Parks are examples of the natural and ecological diversity of Peru. In those Parks, the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems is protected. In those areas the direct exploitation of the natural resources and the settlement of new populations are not allowed. There are 8 National Parks with a surface of 2,918,179,25 hectares. Besides the National Parks there are several National Reserves whose main purpose is the conservation of the biological diversity and makes a good use of the aquatic and ground wild flora and fauna. In those areas the commercial exploitation of the natural resources are permitted under supervised and controlled plans. Nowadays National Reserves have been established with a surface of 2,946,686 hectares. The purpose of the National Sanctuaries is the protection of the local habitat the flora and fauna as well as the natural formations that could have some scientific and scenic concern. The are six National sanctuaries in Peru which have a surface of 48 113 10 hectares |
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to resources Historical Sanctuaries Machu Pichu National Parks Cutervo Tingo María Manú Huascarán Cerros de Amotape Rio Abiseo Yanachaga-Chemillen National Reserves Nacional Reserves National Sanctuaries Nacional Sanctuaries |
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This
sanctuary was stablisted on January 8, 1981, through (D.S.) N 001-81-AA. In
1983 UNESCO declared it "Cultural and Natural World Heritate Site".
This Sanctuary is located in the department of Cusco, province of Urubamba,
district of Machupicchu. It has a surface of 32 592 hectares. Besides the beautiful
citadel of Machupicchu there are in the area other 34 archaeological sites conected
by the famous Inca path.
The flora is exhuberant, in the low lands we find the also (Alnus jorullensis), the pisonay (Erythrina falcota), the walnut tree (Junglans neotropica), the intimpa (Podocarpus glomeratus; the quishuar (Buddleia incana), the queñual (Polylepsis racemosa), the cedar (Cedrela sp.) and many others like palm trees and archids (30 types and 190 species) which flower all the year, among the most beautiful archids we can see the Maxillaria floribunda among others.
With regard to the fauna, among the birds we can notice the condor (vultur gryphus) and different gummingbirds, among the mammals we observe the Taruka Taruka (Mazzama chunyi), the puma (Puma con color), the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and some species of monkeys like Cebus, Saimiri, Aotus and Lagothrix the last one in danger of extinction.
The gallito de las rocas (Rupicola peruviana), the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) the outter (Lutra longicaudis) and the wild cat (Oncifelis colocolo). The main goal of this Historical Sanctuary of Machupicchu are the protection of the archaeological sites in the area and the preservation the wild flora and fauna of this area.
The Cutervo National Park was established in 1961 . It is located in the department of Cajamarca and has a surface of 2,500 hectares, Its main attractive is the Guacharos Cave. There live the guacharos birds which are nocturnal (Steatornis caripensis). The cave has a stream in which the catfish (Astroblepus rosei) lives. This park counts on menaced wild animals, like for example; jaguar (Panthera onca), the ocelot (Leopardus Pardalis), the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) the outter (lutra longicaudis), the wild cat (Oncifelis colocolo), the tapir (Tapicus pinchaque) and the national bird called Gallito de las Rocas (Rupicola Peruviana).
The flora in this park is rich and varied and even count on some endemic species. There are weedy places, foggy forest very beauty orchids and a vast forest made up of trees like cascarilla (Cinchona sp.) cedar (Cedreia sp) oak tree (Nectandra sp.) and walnut tree (Juglans neotropica) .
The area was named a park since 1965. It is located in the department of Huanuco and has a surface of 18 000 hectares. The main attractive of this park is the Cave of the Owls.
You can also visit
Jacintillo (solphurous waters) and La Quinceañera (waterfalls). In this
park there is a very rich wild fauna made up of 104 species, 9 fishes, 21 bathracion
and reptiles, 39 birds and 36 mammals.
There are big snakes (boas and mantonas) and small snakes called naka nakas
(Micrurus sp.). We can find guacharos (Steatornis caripensis); a nocturnal bird,
which nests are inside the caves, Gallito de las rocas or tunqui (Rupícola
peruviana); the Jungle Condor (Sarcoramphus papa) and the otero (Momotus momota).
Mammals are found in the park as well, for example: sachavaca (Tapirus terrestris)
the red deer (Mazamo americana), sajino (Tayassu Tajacu), wild cat (Leopardus
pardalis) el frailecillo (Saimiri bolivienis) and the pichicho (Saguinus fuscicollis).
There are 144 species of flowers: 96 arboreal, 17 palm trees and 31 bushes. We can find the cedar (Cedrela sp.), the huasai (Euterpe precatoria) and the bolaina (Goazuma Crinita) as well as different wild orchids. The goal is to protect the flora, fauna and beauty landscape where La Bella Durmiente is situated, the Cueva de las Lechuzas, Jacintillo and La Quinceañera (waterfalls).
The Manu National Park was created in 1973. In 1977, UNESCO recognized it as the Center area of the Reserve of the Biosphere. It is located in the departments of Cusco and Madre de Dios. In 1987 this park was recognized as a Natural Inheritance of the Humanity. It has a surface of 1.532,806 hectares and represents an important example of the biological diversity in the Amazon.
Thousands of species are protected in the park for example 800 species of birds 200 species of mammals (there are more than 100 species of bats), 120 species of fishes and reptiles the some as insects and other ones. In this region we can observe different birds as for example: The aguila harpia - - eagle - (harpia harpyja), the jabirú (Jabiru mycteria) and the pink espatula (Ajaja ajaja). In the banks of the river in the branches of the tree we can find the sachapato (Cairina moschata), wild goose (Neochen jubata), the Gallito de las Rocas (Rupicola peruviana), the mono choro comun - monkey - (Lagothrix Lagotricha), the maquisapa negro (Ateles paniscus), the river wolf (Pteronura brasiliensis), the jaguar (Panthera onca), the wild cat (Leopoardus pardalis) , the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and the Taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis).
This are is populated by more than 30 indian communities which first language is Quechua: Matsiquenka, Amahuaca, Yiñe, Amarakaeri, Huachipaire, Mashco-Piros and Nahua.
The Huascaran National Park atarted as such in 1975. UNESCO recognized it as Natural World Heritance Site in 1985 and as a center of the Reserve of Biosphere in 1977. This park includes the Cordillera Blanca. It has a surface of 340,000 hectares.
The park is rich in flora, fauna, and beauty landscapes. Some of this peaks and lagoons which are very popular around the world. Mount Huascaran is the highest mountain in Peru - 6,768. The park presents seven microclimates where more than 779 species of flowers (304 types and 104 families) live.
The local species are the Puya (Puya Raimondi) and the queñua (Polylepis sp.) There are 8 types and 10 different species of mammals as: wild cat (Oncifelis colocolo), the andean cat (Oreailurus jacobita), the spectaded bear (Tremarctos orriatus), the taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) and the vicuna (Vicugna vicugna).
The birds in the park are: the andean condor ( Vltur gryphus) the pato de los torrentos (Merganetta armata), the partridge (Tinamotis pentlandii); among others.
The Cerros de Amotape was established in 1975. The park is located in the departments of Tumbes and Piura and has a surface of 91,300 hectares. It has four different ecosystems. There are 44 arboreal species, 47 bush species, 61 plants, 12 dimming plants, 7 cactuses and 12 epiphytes (4 varieties of orchids).
There are species from tropical forests, arid areas and the Andes. There are about 100 species of mammals, birds, reptiles and anphibians.
The following birds are found there: Andean condor (Voltur ghryphus), Jungle Condor (Sarcoramphus papa), gray deer (Odocoileus virginianus), red deer (Mazam Americana), sajino (Tayassua Tajacu) and the squirrel (Sciurus stramincus), wood peckers parrots and parakeets.
With regard to reptiles we can find the macanche -snake- (Boa constrictor ortoni), sancarranca (Bothrops barnetti) and coralillo (Micrurus tschudir olsoni) and the pacaso or iguana (Crocodylus acutus) and the North-west otter (Lutra Longicaudis). With regard to the monuments from different cultures in Guineal, Modroño and Pantanal.
The Park was established since 1983. In 1990 was declared as a Cultural and Natural World Heritance Site by UNESCO.
This park is located
in the department of San Martín with a surface of 274,520 hectares. In
that park are seven life zones going from 350 m.a.s.l. to 4200 m.a.s.l. with
a wide variety of flora and fauna.
This national park presents very rich biological resources, it has been registered
36 archaeological sites as the very well known Gran Pajaten, considered as the
most impressive monumental complex compared only to the Tikal National Park
in Guatemala.
It was established in 1986 and is located in the department of Pasco. Surface of 122,000 hectares.
One of its main attractive is the innumerable amount of mosses, brackens, orchids, cans, bushes it has. We con also find the ulcumano (Podocarpus rospigliossi and Podocarpus glomeratus), the Diablo fuerte tree (Podocarpus oleifolrus and Podocarpus utilior), cedar (Cedrela lilloi and Cedrela mountain), walnut tree (Juglans neotropica), oak tree (Lauraceas) among others. Within the park live 60 native villages.
There have been found several archaeological sites from the Inca and Yanesha cultures.